moral character applicants

The MCA is a requirement for all applicants seeking to practice law in California, whether as a licensed attorney or as registered in house counsel. The MCA is an extensive background check that evaluates an applicant’s honesty, trustworthiness, and overall character to ensure they meet the ethical standards necessary to practice law. 

We recommend submitting your MCA as early as possible in your final year of law school. The MCA involves providing years of background information, as well as references and numerous other details of your life, background, and past experiences. Completing the application is very time intensive and may require you to gather information that you do not have immediately accessible. The review process can take 6-9 months, and if further information is needed, it can take significantly longer. Applying early ensures you have time to gather the voluminous information needed for the application and creates the highest likelihood that you will receive approval by the time you receive a passing score on the California Bar Exam.

The California State Bar typically takes 6 to 9 months to complete its review and issue a moral character determination; however, the actual time may be shorter or longer, depending on the State Bar's timeline and the content of the application itself. If there are issues from the past that cause the State Bar to seek clarification and/or additional information, the review process may take significantly longer. 

The State Bar looks at a myriad of factors that reflect on your character and integrity, including your honesty, candor, trustworthiness, respect for the law, financial responsibility, and professional ethics. Issues related to past criminal history, disciplinary actions of any sort, and financial troubles can impact the decision. 

You are required to provide:

• Every address or residence you have used for the past eight years
• A complete employment history, including requested details regarding supervisors and contact information
• Your educational background 
• Criminal records (even if expunged or dismissed)
• Civil lawsuits or disciplinary actions
• Financial history (e.g., bankruptcy, tax issues, unpaid debts)
• Personal and professional references

Failure to disclose required information is considered a serious offense and can lead to delays, additional investigations, or even denial of your application. Always err on the side of full disclosure.

A past offense is not an automatic disqualifier; however, you will need to explain why you should be admitted despite this issue. The key is demonstrating rehabilitation. You should provide a clear, honest explanation along with supporting documents showing you have taken steps to address the issue (e.g., completion of a rehabilitation program, character references, a clean record since the incident).

The State Bar reviews financial responsibility as part of moral character. While student loans or past financial struggles won’t automatically disqualify you, a pattern of financial irresponsibility (e.g., unpaid debts, tax liens, or fraud) may raise concerns. You should provide explanations and, when applicable you should also provide documentary proof that you have resolving financial issues.

If the Bar has concerns, they may request additional documents or schedule an Informal Conference to clarify certain matters. This is your opportunity to provide further context and demonstrate your integrity. If you receive such a request, consult an experienced attorney to prepare for the meeting.

An Informal Conference is a one-on-one meeting with State Bar examiners where they ask about potential concerns in your background. It is not a disciplinary hearing, but it is important to be well-prepared. We help applicants prepare responses and ensure they present their case effectively.

If your application is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision by filing a petition with the State Bar Court. You will need to provide evidence that supports your moral character and addresses any concerns raised by the Bar. Our firm can assist with appeals and representation if necessary.